Cognitive Psychology - Memory | Comprehensive Notes

A highly structured, exam-oriented study guide covering foundational structures, advanced LTM models, working memory, and real-world retrieval phenomena—perfect for university exams and competitive entrances.

Core Topics Covered:

1. The Metaphors of Memory: Critical evaluation of core conceptual lenses—Memory as a Storage/Container, a Computer/Information-Processing system, a Retrieval-Centered process (Roediger's Shift), and a Reconstructive process (Bartlett's schemas).
2. The Structural Memory Architecture: Detailed breakdown of Sensory Memory (Iconic vs. Echoic mechanisms), Short-Term Memory, and durable Long-Term Memory systems.
3. Core Models of Memory:
   1. Atkinson & Shiffrin's Multi-Store Model: Step-by-step linear processing stage analysis, linear flow strengths, and structural limitations.
   2. Craik & Lockhart's Levels of Processing: Continuous depth of encoding (Shallow physical, Intermediate phonemic, and Deep semantic processing).
   3. Tulving's Multiple Memory System: Structural boundaries separating Procedural, Semantic, and Episodic memory networks.
4. Advanced Semantic Memory Frameworks: Side-by-side analysis of the Feature-Comparison Model (Smith, Shoben, & Rips' defining vs. characteristic features) and the Hierarchical Network Model (Collins & Quillian's cognitive economy and spreading activation).
5. Working Memory & Retrieval Phenomena:
   1. Baddeley's Working Memory Model: Comprehensive look at the Central Executive, Phonological Loop, Visuospatial Sketchpad, and Episodic Buffer.
   2. Real-World Applications: Deep dives into Autobiographical Memory (the working self), Eyewitness Testimony (Loftus' Misinformation and the Weapon Focus effect), and the Tip-of-the-Tongue (TOT) phenomenon.

✨ Key Features & Formatting Highlights:

1. Exam-Ready Framework: Features pre-formatted comparison tables (such as Immediate vs. STM vs. LTM) designed for writing high-scoring university answers.
2. Neurological & Empirical Evidence: Packed with concrete studies (Sperling, Tulving, Bartlett, HERA model asymmetries, and lesion data) to ground your academic papers.
3. Maximum Revision Efficiency: No fluff—only precise psychological definitions, organized taxonomies, and clear structural breakdowns.