System-Design-HLD

Surajit mishra

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System-Design-HLD
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₹2,300
120 mins

Okay, to teach High-Level Design (HLD) in system design, the focus shifts from the nitty-gritty details of individual components to the overall structure and architecture of the system. Here are the key topics that need to be covered:

1. Introduction to High-Level Design (HLD):

  • What is HLD?Definition and its role in the system design process (the first major design phase after requirements gathering).
  • Focus on "what" the system will do and its major components.
  • Establishing the system's architecture and technical stack.
  • Goals of HLD:Defining the system's scope and boundaries.
  • Identifying the main components and their responsibilities.
  • Outlining the interactions between components.
  • Making key technology choices.
  • Considering non-functional requirements (scalability, availability, performance, security, etc.) at an architectural level.
  • Providing a blueprint for Low-Level Design (LLD).

2. Understanding System Requirements (as the foundation for HLD):

  • Functional Requirements:What the system should do (user stories, use cases).
  • Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs):Qualities of the system (scalability, performance, availability, durability, security, maintainability, etc.).
  • How NFRs influence architectural decisions.

3. Architectural Styles and Patterns:

  • Monolithic Architecture:Characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages.
  • When it might be suitable.
  • Microservices Architecture:Characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages.
  • When it might be suitable.
  • Concepts like service discovery, API Gateways.
  • Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA):Understanding the principles (loosely coupled services).
  • Comparison with Microservices.
  • Event-Driven Architecture:Using events for communication between components.
  • Concepts like message queues and event buses.
  • Layered Architecture:Structuring the system into horizontal layers (presentation, business logic, data access).
  • Client-Server Architecture:Basic understanding of the client-server model.
  • Peer-to-Peer Architecture:Decentralized systems.

4. Identifying and Defining System Components:

  • Breaking down the system into logical modules or services.
  • Defining the primary responsibilities of each component.
  • Identifying the interfaces and APIs between components.

5. Data Storage and Management:

  • Choosing the right database(s):Relational databases (SQL).
  • NoSQL databases (document, key-value, column-family, graph).
  • Considering the nature of the data and access patterns.
  • Database Schema Design (High-Level):Identifying major entities and their relationships.
  • Data Partitioning and Sharding:Strategies for handling large datasets.
  • Caching Strategies:When and where to use caching (client-side, server-side, distributed cache).
  • Cache invalidation strategies.

6. Communication Between Components:

  • Synchronous Communication:REST APIs, RPC.
  • Asynchronous Communication:Message Queues (e.g., Kafka, RabbitMQ, SQS).
  • Publish-Subscribe patterns.

7. Considering Non-Functional Requirements in HLD:

  • Scalability:Vertical vs. Horizontal scaling.
  • Stateless services.
  • Load balancing.
  • Auto-scaling.
  • Availability and Reliability:Redundancy and failover.
  • Disaster recovery.
  • Circuit breakers.
  • Performance:Latency and throughput.
  • Bottleneck identification.
  • Security:Authentication and authorization mechanisms.
  • API security.
  • Data encryption (at rest and in transit).
  • Durability:Ensuring data persistence.
  • Maintainability and Extensibility:Designing for future changes and additions.

8. System Design Case Studies and Examples:

  • Analyzing the HLD of well-known systems (e.g., designing a URL shortening service, a Twitter feed, a ride-sharing application, an e-commerce platform).
  • Discussing different architectural choices and their trade-offs for these examples.

9. Documentation in HLD:

  • Creating architectural diagrams (block diagrams, component diagrams).
  • Writing a high-level design document outlining the chosen architecture, components, and key decisions.

10. Trade-offs and Decision Making:

  • Understanding that design involves making choices with inherent trade-offs (e.g., consistency vs. availability in distributed systems).
  • Evaluating different options based on the system requirements and constraints.

11. Introduction to System Design Metrics:

  • Latency, throughput, availability (%), durability.
  • Understanding how to measure and improve these metrics.
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