Polity notes

Advent of Europeans – Portuguese, Dutch, French, and British in India

British Expansion in India – Battles of Plassey & Buxar, British rule establishment

Administration under British Rule – Governor Generals & Viceroys, reforms, policies

Socio-Religious Reform Movements – Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda, Arya Samaj, etc.

Revolt of 1857 – causes, events, results, leaders

Indian National Movement

• Early Nationalists (Moderates & Extremists)
• Partition of Bengal, Swadeshi & Boycott movements
• Home Rule Movement
• Gandhian Era: Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, Quit India
• Revolutionary & Socialist movements

Freedom & Partition of India (1947) – Mountbatten Plan, Independence, and aftermath